The humans and machines that are behind the curtain have to be motivated to try and replicate a human
In a Turing test, yes. What I’m suggesting is to change the motivation, to see if the machine fails like a human even when motivated not to.
In the original Turning test, the black box isn’t the machine—it’s the human. The test is to see whether a (known) machine is an accurate model of an unknown system.
While the tester is blind as to which is which, the experimenter knows the construction of the machine and can presumably tell if it’s artificially constraining itself. When I say “the inability to act otherwise”, I’m assuming the experimenter can distinguish a true inability from an induced one (even if the tester can’t).
The problem with the Turing test (like Ptolemy’s epicycles) is that the real unknown isn’t the machine being tested, but the system it’s supposed to be a model of.
A machine whose behavior is a superset of the target system isn’t a true model of the system.
I was thinking of the example of syntax: the ability of LLMs to produce syntactic sentences is taken as evidence that they’re producing sentences the same way humans do, but LLMs can also (with training) produce sentences in artificial languages whose syntax is totally unnatural to humans.
Or take Ptolemy’s epicycles: their ability to imitate periodic motion that violates Kepler’s laws indicates that they don’t actually capture accurate physics.
Is [contingency] something that may be contingent on other things that may take time to verify?
Astronomers had pretty much all agreed on the name “Uranus” by 1850, and the first spectrographic studies began in 1861—so yeah.
Having lived in both, I think there’s one important parallel between social media and rural culture: in both, you hear about the rest of humanity second-hand, through the filters of algorithms, news, and limited acquaintances; while in a major city you meet people from all over the world face to face.
I’m not sure threatening performers with million-dollar lawsuits is the best way to attract new performers to your venue.
Lots of actors never get into drugs, and lots of other people do anyway. We’re just more aware of the actors because they’re living under a spotlight. (They probably also get more attention because they contradict the stereotype of drug users being poor and unsuccessful.)
Also, plenty of actors do volunteering, charity, and activism too.
I guess it’ll be when the majority of the working population is Gen Z or younger.
Capitalism incentivizes risk-taking, which can be productive when there are potential opportunities that are otherwise too risky to explore.
But after they’ve exploited the productive risk/reward opportunities, capitalists increasingly rely on amplifying the risks—but now the risks are at the expense of the rest of society, while the rewards accrue only to themselves.
I dunno—on the one hand, I can see where data consent that’s folded into a long user agreement might get overlooked and approved without thinking, and a second verification would be helpful; but on the other hand, the more times users are asked for consent, the more likely they are to agree reflexively to everything.
It seems like a user-configurable setting would be the best solution.
It was a ritual of social inversion (a fool was crowned king, the ruling class was mocked and identities were concealed, religious and social rules were relaxed, etc.)
There are differing views, but one theory is that it served as a reminder to both lords and commoners that the social order could be overthrown if the lords became too oppressive.
Orbán also revealed before Thursday’s EU summit that Putin had warned the Hungarian leader that Moscow would take countermeasures if the EU tapped Russian assets to help Ukraine. […] “So we Hungarians have protected ourselves,” Orbán said.
Submitting to extortion is a dubious policy; advertising your susceptibility to extortion is practically an invitation.
Carnival.
From the wiki article on Public.Resource.Org:
Malamud called for increased awareness that Westlaw was a commercial broker of the United States Federal Reporter, Federal Supplement, and Federal Appendix. While Westlaw had been adding value to the content by indexing it with their proprietary West American Digest System and accompanying summaries, the purchase of their products was the only way to access much of the public domain material they hosted.
New Year’s is celebrated by everyone
More so than Christmas, perhaps—but you still have people with different calendars (Chinese, Jewish, Muslim, etc.).
strung together two comments Trump made more than 54 minutes apart
Isn’t that about the normal interval it takes for him to progress from one coherent thought to the next?
You’re right, that doesn’t make you an asshole.
Being an asshole is the cause, not the effect.