There was a last major migration out of Africa starting around 70–50,000 years ago that coincides with both the disappearance of Neanderthals and Denisovans, and with the appearance of representational art. Earlier Neanderthals made artistic crafts like shell jewelry, but it wasn’t representational.

Prehistoric people leaving things in caves is practically the only way we still know about them, but that doesn’t mean humans normally hung out in caves as a permanent lifestyle. We have evidence of people making wooden structures in Africa long before the first cave paintings—and compared to structures, caves would have been cold and dark, unlikely to be conveniently located, and contested for by cave-adapted animals.

It’s because the caves were so shitty that subsequent people left them untouched for tens of thousands of years.

Legally, yes. (But of course, the Supreme Court has turned interpreting the Constitution into a game of Calvinball.)

If nothing else, it’s diverting views and revenue from whatever genuine right-wing media they’d be watching otherwise.

If it’s really just a matter of too many candidates, could they increase the number of signatures needed to get on the ballot?

My city (Oakland) has ranked-choice voting for mayor and city council, and (as far as I’m aware) doesn’t have a similar issue with under-voting.

Was there another factor besides the number of candidates on the ballot (e.g., no candidate statements in voter guides, or an ad campaign against ranked voting)?

If they genuinely don’t have a preference, is it a bad thing if they refrain from effectively voting at random?

If Trump tried to run for a third term, could Obama run against him?

…because Jeff Epstein was unavailable?

The only constitutional requirement is that cabinet posts must be made with the advice and consent of the Senate.

The elementary school I went to was next door to a crematorium. I have breathed in multitudes.

In the context of a semi-nomadic culture that had just conquered the urban Canaanites, pigs were city animals distinct from the nomadic sheep and goats—a ban on pork would prevent cultural assimilation. Same with the ban on shellfish that would have been standard in the coastal cities.

For a parallel, look at segregation-era white Americans banning music and other cultural pratices associated with African-Americans.

I’m not defending the party establishment—I think they’ve been a malignant force on both policy and campaign strategy since at least the Clinton era—but I think this year’s failings are more on Biden and Harris as individuals. (Biden wasn’t doing the party any favors by hanging on as long as he did, and the Harris’s campaign’s weaknesses were consistent with her whole career since first running for local office.)

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If n is the day the item is introduced, the total quantity is 42-(n-6.5)².

The Harappan language—then you could decipher the script of the Indus Valley civilization.

Logically, yeah—it went from “all X are Y” to “no non-X are Y” (or equivalently, “all Y are X”).

Harris went from polling 3.7 points higher than Trump in August to losing by 3.4 points in November. Do you think it took people that long to realize she was a woman of color, or do you think her actions in the interim changed peoples’ perception of her?

Similarly, by refusing to explain why she had abandoned the progressive positions on crime, immigration, health care, and climate change, she blurred the public’s perception of her and opened the door to the Trump campaign’s charge that she was a closet radical. Thinking back to the successful campaign of Bill Clinton in 1992, some Democrats were hoping Harris would have a “Sister Souljah” moment in which she broke with some party orthodoxy in order to show her independence, but this did not happen.

So Galston recognizes that abandoning progressive positions weakened the public’s perception of her, but he thinks the solution should have been to double down and attack progressives more?

When he won before, he was outside the Republican party establishment and just put his own unprepared cronies in charge.